Method of controlling bacteria and fungi with certain oxime esters

ABSTRACT

COMPOUNDS HAVING THE FORMULA   HAL-CH2-C(-R1)=N-OOC-R2   IN WHICH HAL IS CHLORINE, BROMINE OR IODINE, R1 IS (1) HYDROGEN, (2) LOWER ALKYL, (3) ARYL, (4) NUCLEAR SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES THEREOF IN WHICH THE SUBSTITUENTS ARE HALOGEN, NITRO, LOWER ALKOXY, LOWER ALKYL, OR CYANO AND (5) HALOALKYL, AND R2 IS (1) ARYL, (2) NUCLEAR SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES THEREOF IN WHICH THE SUBSTITUENTS ARE HALOGEN, CYANO, NITRO, LOWER ALKOXY, OR LOWER ALKYL, (3) STYRYL, (4) NUCLEAR SUBSTITUTED STRYRYL, IN WHICH THE SUBSTITUENTS ARE HALOGEN, CYANO, NITRO, LOWER ALKOXY OR LOWER ALKYL, (5) BENZYL, (6) NUCLEAR SUBSTITUTED BENZYL IN WHICH SAID SUBSTITUENTS ARE HALOGEN, CYANO, NITRO, LOWER ALKOXY OR LOWER ALKYL, (7) PHENETHYL, (8) NUCLEAR SUBSTITUTED PHENETHYL IN WHICH THE SUBSTITUENTS ARE HALOGEN, CYANO, NITRO, LOWER ALKOXY, OR LOWER ALKYL, (9) CYCLOALKYL HAVING 3 TO 6 CARBON ATOMS, AND (10) FURYL ARE USED AS HERBICIDES, ACARICIDES AND FOR CONTROLLING FUNGI AND BACTERIA.

United States Patent ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Compounds having the formula in which hal is chlorine, bromine or iodine, R is (1) hydrogen, ,(2) lower alkyl, (3) aryl, (4) nuclear substituted derivatives thereof in which the substituents are halogen, nitro, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, or cyano and (5 haloalkyl, and R is (l) aryl, (2) nuclear substituted derivatives thereof in which the substituents are halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy, or lower alkyl, (3) styryl, (4) nuclear substituted stryryl, in which the substituents are halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy or lower alkyl, (5) benzyl, (6) nuclear substituted benzyl in which said substituents are halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy or lower alkyl, (7) phenethyl, ,(8) nuclear substituted phenethyl in which the substituents are halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy, or lower alkyl, (9) cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and (10) furyl are used as herbicides, acaricides and for controlling fungi and bacteria.

in which hal is a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromineand iodine, preferably chlorine, R is a member selected from the group consisting of (1 hydrogen, (2) lower alkyl, preferably having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (3) aryl, preferably phenyl, (4) nuclear substituted derivatives thereof in which the substitue nts are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, lower alkoxy, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably, methyl, and cyano and (5) haloalkyl, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; most preferably chloromethyl, and R is a member selected from the group consisting of l) aryl, preferably phenyl (2) nuclear substituted derivatives thereof in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, preferably chlorine and bromine, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy, preferably having from 1 to 4 carbons, more preferably methyl, (3) styryl, (4) nuclear substituted styryl, in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, preferably chlorine and bromine, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably methoxy,

and lower alkyl, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably methyl, (5) benzyl, (6) nuclear substituted benzyl in which said substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, preferably chlorine and bromine, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy, preferably having 1 t0 4 cabon atoms, more preferably methoxy and lower alkyl, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably methyl, (7) phenethyl, (8) nuclear substituted phenethyl in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, preferably chlorine and bromine, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably methoxy and lower alkyl, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably methyl, (9) cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably cyclohexyl, and (10) furyl.

The term nuclear substituted includes both mono and poly substitution with the specified substituent.

The term halogen or the prefix halo used in describing the compound of the present invention encompass chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine.

Representative compounds of this invention are:

1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O- (benzoyl) oxime l,3-dich1oro-2-propanone-O-(naphthoyl) oxime l,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(p-chlorobenzoyl) oxime l,3-dichloro-Z-propanone-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(p-bromobenzoyl) oxime 1 3-dichloro-2-proponone-O-(p-iodobenzoyl) oxime 1 3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(p-fiuorobenzoyl) oxime 1 3 dichloro-Z-propanone-O-(4-butylbenzoyl) oxime 1,3 dichloro-Z-propanone-O-(4-cyanobenzoyl) oxime 1,3 dichloro-Z-propanone-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl) oxime ichloro-Z-propanone-O-(4-n-butoxybenzoyl) oxime -dichloro-2-propanone-O-(cinnamoyl) oxime ,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(p-chlorocinnamoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O- 3,4-dichlorocinnamoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(p-bromocinnamoyl) oxime 1,3 -dichloro-2-propanone-O- (p-iodocinnamoyl) oxime l,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(p-fiuorocinnamoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(4-t-butyl cinnamoyl) oxime l,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(4-n-butyoxycinnamoyl) oxime l,3-dichloro-2-propanoneO- (4-cyanocinnamoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(4-nitrocinnamoyl) oxime 1,3-dichloro-2-propanone-O-(hydrocinnamoyl) oxime 1-chloro-2-propanone-O-(benzoyl) oxime 1-chloro-2-octanone-O-(benzoyl) oxime 1,6-dichloro-2-hexanone-O-(benzoyl) oxime 1,3-dibromo-2-propanone-O-(benzoyl) oxime 1,3-diiodo-2-propanone-O-(benzoyl) oxime 1-chloro-3-bromo-2-propanone-O- (benzoyl) oXime l-fluoro-Z-propanone-O-(benzoyl) oxime chloroethanal-O-(benzoyl) oxime a-chloroacetophenone-O-(benzoyl) oxime a-bromo-4-chloro-acetophenone-O-(benzoyl) oxime u-chloro-4-nitroacetophenone-O-(benzoyl) oxime a-chloro-4-cyanoacetophenone-O-(benzoyl) oxime a-chloro-4-methoxyacetophenone-O-(benzoyl) oxime a-chloro-4-methylacetophenone-O- (benzoyl) oxirne The compounds of the present invention are particularly useful as acricides. The compounds are also useful in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi. Also, the compounds of the present invention find use as herbicides, especially in post-emergent control of weeds.

The compounds of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula hill-CH2 C=NO H in which hal and R are as defined before with a compound of the formula halo i C R2 in which halo is chlorine or bromine and R is a radical as defined as above.

The above reaction yields compounds of the formula in which hal, R and R are defined as above.

Preferably, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base such as pyridine and in a solvent for the reactants. Generally, the reaction is exothermic so no heating is required. Cooling is sometimes required to control the reaction rate. The compounds of this invention can be recovered from the mixture and purified by standard procedures.

Preparation of the compounds of this invention is illustrated by the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1 1,3-dichloroacetone-O-(3-methylbenzoyl)oxime 63.5 gms. (0.50 mole) 1,3-dichloropropanone, 69.5 gms. (1.00 mole) hydroxylamine hydrochloride, 250 ml. ethanol and 25 ml. of Water are combined and heated under reflux for four hours. The cooled mixture is poured into 500 ml. of water. The aqueous solution is extracted with 3-100 ml. portions of chloroform. The chloroform phases are combined and dried with anhydrous MgSO The chloroform is evaporated to give 66.3 g. (93.6% of theory) of 1,3-dichloroacetoneoxime,

14.2 gms. (0.1 mole) of 1,3-dichloroacetoneoxime prepared according to the above procedure and 14.4 gins. (0.093 mole) of m-toluoyl chloride are combined in 200 ml. of benzene and the mixture is cooled to 15 C. 12.1 grns. (0.12 mole) of triethylamine are added dropwise while keeping the temperature between 15 -20 C. with stirring. The reaction is continued 30 minutes after the completion of the addition of triethylamine. The mixture is washed twice with Water, twice with NaHCO and again twice with water. The benzene phase is dried with anhydrous MgSO and evaporated to give 11.1 g. of 1,3-dichloroactone-O-(3-methylbenzoy1)oxime,

TABLE I ClH C O l ll /C=NO o Na um TABLE I bah-CH El) C==NO CB.

Compound number Hal R R Chloro. Chlr0n1othyl Phenyl.

..do. ..do- Zehlorophenyl. do-.. 4-chlorophenyl. do... 3,4-dichlorophenyl.

do 34zhlorophenyl.

4-bromophenyl. 2-bromophenyl. 4-rnethoxyphenyl.

do... 2-rnethoxyphenyl. do--. 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl. do... 4-nitropheny1. do... 3-nitrophenyl. do ,5-d1nitrophenyl do 4-methylphonyl do B-methylphcnyl do... 2 methylphenyl. do--. tyryl. do.-- Z-furyl. 19 do do Benzyl 20 do do -CHzCHz 21 do do Cyclohexyl. 22 -do lhen i-chlorophenyl.

d Phcnyl. Do. -chlorophenyl. 4-nitrophenyl. Styr 4-methoxyphenyl 29 do do 4-rnethylphenyl.

The following tests illustrate utility of the compounds in controlling fungi and bacteria and as acaricides.

In vitro vial test: This test measures the bactericidal and fungicidal properties of a compound when in contact with a growing bacterium or fungus. The test is conducted by partially filling two l-ounce vials with malt broth and one l-ounce vial with nutrient broth. Next, the test compound is added to the vials at a certain concentration, expressed in parts per million, and mixed with the broth. A water suspension of spores of the desired fungi or cells of the desired bacteria (one organism per vial) is added. The vials are then sealed and incubated for one week; at this time the vials are examined and the results recorded. Table IV shows the results of various compounds tested by the in vitro vial test.

TABLE II Concentration (p.p.m.) which inhibited growth 1 Fungus Bacteria,

Aspergzllus Penicillium Staphylococcus Compound nz'ger sp. aureus l partial control.

As can be seen by the test results, the compounds of the present invention find particular utility as bactericides and fungicides. The compounds can be applied in a variety of ways at various concentrations. They can be combined with suitable carriers and applied as dusts, sprays or drenches. The amount applied will depend on the nature of the utility. The rate of application can also vary with the microbiological use intended.

Acaricidal evaluation test: The two-spotted mite, Tetranychus telarius (Linn), was employed in tests for acaricides. Young pinto bean plants in the primary leaf stage were used as the host plants. The young pinto bean plants were infested with several hundred mites. Dispersions of candidate materials were prepared by dissolving 0.1 gram in 10 ml. of a suitable solvent, usually acetone. Aliquots of the toxicant solutions were suspended in water containing 0.0175% v./v. Sponto 221 an emulsifying agent, the amount of water being sufiicient to give concentrations of active ingredient ranging from 0.25% to 0.001%. The test suspensions were then sprayed on the infested pinto bean plants. After seven days, mortalities of post-embryonic and ovicidal forms were determined. The percentage of kill was determined by comparison with control plants which had not been sprayed with the candidate compounds. The LD-50 'value was calculated using Well-known procedures. These values are reported under the columns PE and Eggs" in Table H.

TABLE III Acaricidal activity Compound number PE Eggs Various techniques or methods can be employed for contacting acarids with the compounds. For example, spray formulations can be prepared by dissolving a compound in suitable organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, benzene, and the like, and subsequent dispersion of this solution in Water in the presence of a surface active wetting or emulsifying agent. Another method by which the acaricidal agents of the present invention can be applied is in the form of dispersible powders, preferably as homogeneous free-flowing dusts commonly formulated by mixing the active component with finely divided solids or carriers such as talc, natural clays, diatomaceous earth, various flours such as walnut shell, wheat and the like. The details of compounding and application are well known to those skilled in the art.

As previously stated, the compounds of this invention are useful as herbicides and especially as post-emergence type herbicides. The post-emergence herbicide testing procedure is as follows:

Post-emergence herbicide test: The seeds of crabgrass, watergrass, red oats, Indian mustard, curly dock and pinto bean were planted in individual rows in Santa Cruz sandy loam soil. After growing for two weeks under greenhouse conditions, the plants were four to six inches tall.

Thereafter, the candidate test compound was applied to the foliage by means of an overhead spray while the flat moved under the spray on a moving table. A concentration of 0.5% of active compound in the spray was used at a rate equivalent to approximately 60 lbs./ acre. Two weeks after treatment, the injury results were recorded and it was determined that the compounds of the invention have utility as herbicides, especially post-emergence herbicides.

Compound Numbers 1, 4 and 17 were selected for further evaluation and were found to give generally excellent control at the application rate of 2 pounds per acre of certain weed species as is shown in Table IV.

The compounds of the present invention as postemergence herbicides can be applied in a variety of ways at various concentrations. They may be combined with suitable carriers and applied as dusts, sprays or drenches. The amount applied will depend upon the nature of the weeds or plants to be controlled and the rate of application may vary from 1 to pounds per acre. One particularly advantageous way of applying the compounds is as a narrow band along a row crop, straddling the row. It is not necessary that the phytotoxic compositions be admixed with the soil particles and these compositions can be applied merely by spraying or sprinkling the surface of the soil. The phytotoxic compositions of this invention can also be applied to irrigation water supplied to the field to be treated. This method of application permits the penetration of the compositions into the soil as the water is absorbed therein. Dust compositions, granular compositions or liquid formulations applied to the surface of the soil can be distributed below the surface of the soil by conventional means such as discing, dragging or mixing operations.

The phytotoxic compositions of this invention can also contain other additaments, for example fertilizers, pesticides and the like, used as adjuvant or in combination with any of the above-described adjuvants. Other phytotoxic compounds useful in combination with the abovedescribed compounds include for example 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids, 2,4,S-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2- methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid and the salts, esters and amides thereof; triazine derivatives, such as 2,4-bis (3 methoxypropylamino) 6-methylthio-S-triazine; 2- chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-S-triazine, and 2- ethylamino 4 isopropylamino 6 methylmercapto S- triazine, urea derivatives, such as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1,1-dimethyl urea and 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea and acetamides such as N,N-diallyl-a-chloroacetamide, N-(a-chloroacetyl)hexamethylene imine, and N,N diethyl-a-bromacetamide, and the like; benzoic acids such as 3-amino-2,S-dichlorobenzoic and; thiocarbamates, such as S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate; S-ethyl-dipropylthio carbamate, S ethyl cyclohexyl-ethyl-thiocarbamate, S- ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-l-carbothioate and the like. Fertilizers useful in combination with the active ingredients include for example ammonium nitrate, urea and superphosphate. Other useful additaments include materials in which plant organisms take root and grow such as compost, manure, humus, sand and the like.

The concentration of a compound of the present in vention, constituting an effective amount in the best mode of administration in the utility disclosed is readily determinable by those skilled in the art.

We claim:

1. The method of inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi which comprises applying thereto a bactericidally and fungicidally effective amount of the compound having the formula:

in which hal is a member selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine, R is a member selected from the group consisting of (1) hydrogen, (2) lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (3) phenyl, (4) nuclear substituted derivatives thereof in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, lower alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and cyano and (5) haloalkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R is a member selected from the group consisting of (1) phenyl, (2) nuclear substituted derivatives thereof in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (3) styryl, (4) nuclear substituted styryl, in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (5 benzyl, (6) nuclear substituted benzyl in which said substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (7) phenethyl, (8) nuclear substituted phenethyl in which the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, lower alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, (9) cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and (10) furyl.

2. The method of claim 1 in which R is chloromethyl and R is phenyl. t

3. The method of claim 1 in which R is chloromethyl and R is a halogen substituted phenyl.

4. The method of claim 3 in which R is 3-chlorophenyl.

5. The method of claim 3 in which R is a 4-chlorophenyl.

6. The method of claim 3 in which R is 3,4-dichlorophenyl.

7. The method of claim 3 in which R is 2-bromophenyl.

8. The method of claim 3 in which R is 4-bromophenyl.

9. The method of claim 1 in which R is chloromethyl and R is nitrophenyl.

10. The method of claim 9 in which R is 3-nitrophenyl.

11. The method of claim 1 in which R is chloromethyl and R is lower alkyl substituted phenyl.

12. The method of claim 11 in which R is 4-methylphenyl.

*13. The method of claim 1 in which R is chloromethyl and R is styryl.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,063,823 11/1962 Kuhle et al 71-121 OTHER REFERENCES Chemical Abstracts, vol. (1961), 23, 555e.

ALBERT T. MEYERS, Primary Examiner N. A. DREZIN, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

